#Evolve stage 2 periodic skin#
As sunlight decreases, cashmere begins to emerge from the skin surface. The duration of direct sunlight directly affects the periodic growth of cashmere. The growth of cashmere is affected by many factors, such as sunlight time, melatonin (MT), nutrition, genetics, and endocrine factors. November may be the transition stage of secondary follicles from anagen to catagen January is the transition period of secondary follicles from catagen to telogen, and the follicles are still active, which can promote the growth of cashmere and finally the transition from telogen to anagen. However, the cycle division was not completely consistent, and the activity of secondary follicles was the highest in October.
Studies by Zhang (2020) have shown that primary follicles and secondary follicles have different degrees of periodic changes throughout the year, with primary follicles being the last to grow during telogen. In contrast, the growth of secondary hair follicles in adult cashmere goats is divided into the following three stages: anagen (from April to November), catagen (from December to January), and telogen (from February to March Millar, 2002 Watabe et al., 2014 Messenger and Botchkareva, 2017). Adult animals typically have one cashmere growth cycle in a year, with growth peaking in summer and slowing down in winter, and natural shedding occurring in spring ( Mcdonald et al., 1987 Norton and Klören, 1995). Wool is developed by primary hair follicles, while cashmere is derived from secondary hair follicles of the skin ( Zhu et al., 2013). Follicles are divided into primary hair follicles and secondary hair follicles according to different developmental stages. Regeneration is the most prominent characteristic of hair follicles ( Zawilska et al., 1995 Tan et al., 1999). In mammals, hair follicles attached to the skin structure are skin micro-organs ( Cetera et al., 2017) and develop through the interaction between epithelial and dermal cells. A study on the characteristics of cashmere goat coats reported that the complex shape and structure of hair follicles control hair growth. Cashmere and wool are important components of goat hairs. Cashmere goats are precious livestock resources for the production of natural fiber with high quality ( Liu et al., 2016 Su et al., 2018). In China, goat breeds can be divided into dairy type, cashmere type, and meat type according to their economic uses ( Watkins and Buxton, 1992). This research lays the foundation for further study on the mechanism by which MT regulates cashmere growth. This finding suggested that MT alters the cycle of secondary hair follicle development by changing the expression of related genes.
Fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blotting results showed that MT had a significant effect on the expression of Wnt10b, β -catenin, and proteins in the skin tissue of Inner Mongolia cashmere goats. Transcriptome sequencing of the skin tissue of cashmere goats was used to identify differentially expressed genes: 532 in February, 641 in October, and 305 in December. HE staining of skin tissues showed that the number of secondary hair follicles in the MT-implanted goats was significantly higher than that in the control goats ( P < 0.05). The results indicated that the continuous implantation of MT promoted cashmere to enter the anagen 2 months earlier and induce secondary hair follicle development. In this study, the growth length of cashmere was measured by implanting MT in live cashmere goats. Secondary hair follicle growth in cashmere goats has seasonal cycle changes, and melatonin (MT) has a regulatory effect on the cashmere growth cycle. 4College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.3Department of Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural Animal & Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China.2Laboratory of Animal Genetic, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot, China.1College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.Junyang Liu 1,2†, Qing Mu 1,2†, Zhihong Liu 1,2†, Yan Wang 1, Jiasen Liu 3, Zixian Wu 3, Wendian Gong 1,2, Zeyu Lu 1,2, Feifei Zhao 1,2, Yanjun Zhang 1,2, Ruijun Wang 1,2, Rui Su 1,2, Jinquan Li 1,2, Hongmei Xiao 1,4* and Yanhong Zhao 1,2*
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